Mortising-machine



(-No Model.) 2 Sheet's-Sheet 1.

P. SWIETER. `MOR'I'ISI1\TG MACHINE.

10.455,646. y "Pemmted Ju1y7, 189'1.

fg. j.

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(No Model.) 2. sheets-'Sheena P. SWIETER. MORTISING MACHINE.

Patented' July '7. 1891.

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UNITED v`STATES PAUL 'swIETEa or AL'UEGHENY, PENNSYLVANIA.'

"PATENT OFFICE.

Meo RTlslNe-MACHIN E.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters PatentNo. 455,646, dated l'uly 7,1891. Apprenti@ mamy 11, i390. sel-mrt.358,390. (Nomaden To a/ZZ whom it mag/concern.- 4

Be it known that I, PAUL SWIETER, of Allegheny, in the county ot' Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new and Improved Mortising-Machine, of Awhich the `following is a full, clear, 'and exact description. Y

My invention relates to an improvement in mortising-machines especially adapted for mortising Wall-strings to receive the risers.

and treads of steps, and has for its object. to provide a portablev machine of simple and durable construction and capable of convenient and expeditious application and mani pulation.

The invention consists iu the novelconstruction and combination of the several parts,

as will be hereinafter fully set forth, and

pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be'had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part of this specification, in which similar figures and letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in all the views.

Figure 1 is a side elevation of the machine,

partially in section, the section being taken on the linel 1 of Fig. 2. Fig.2is aplan View of the machine with the members of the base broken away. Fig. 3 is a central Vertical s'ection through the carriage thereof.` Fig. 4 is an end View of the carriage in position, the base of the machine being in section. Fig. 5 is an enlarged central vertical section through the cutters located in the carriage, the section being taken on the line 5 5 of Fig. 6. Fig. 6 is a side elevation of the cutters detached. Fig is a side elevation of the stationary section of the cutters. Fig. 8 is a side elevation of the adjustable cutter-section, and Figs. 9 and 10 are edge views of the two sections disconnected.

The base A of the machine consists of two parallel angular sections 10 and 1l, the members of which are at a right angle one to the other. Each section is provided upon its inner face at the lower edge with a horizontal tiange 12, the said anges being adapted to constitute slideways, and in the iiange of each member of each section, at or near the center thereof, a longitudinal slot 13 is produced.

Near the upper edge of the inner face of each member of each section alongitudnlal Linder- Vflanges. thesections by means of' bolts 27, extending -upward through the iianges of the plates into outeror larger section in its upper face at the junction of its members is provided with4 a horizontal recess 15, and in the recessed surcut or'T-shaped recess 14E is formed. The

facefl two downwardly-extending cavities 17 and 1S are produced. Opposite the re- ,21 is provided with an upwardly-extending attached pin 23. The segmental plate is also provided with a downwardly-extending central lug 24:, through which a set or binding screw25 passes. y

The members of the two sectionslO and 11-ot` the base are united by essentially U- shaped con necting-plates 26, which plates are diagonally located, as illustrated best in Fig. 2, and the members of the said connectingplates are horizontally and outwardly flanged, the sections 10 and 11 resting upon ythe said The'connecting-plates are united to the grooves 13 of the base-sections, the said lbolts'being provided beneath the ange of the connecting-plates with suitable adjusting or tightening nuts. By this construction the members may be adjusted to regulate the Width of the space therebetween.

A carriage B is adapted to Vtravel in the space between the base-sections 10 and 11 upon the flanges 12 of the members of said sections. The carriage consists of va boX-like casing 2S of sufficient width to travel freely between the base-sections, the lower end or bottom of the casing beingopen and also a portion of one end, as illustrated at a in Fig. 3.

Through the casing, at about the centralV portion thereof, a screw 29 is passed, extending through both ends, one extremity of which screw is provided with a downward and outf ward extension 30, terminating at its extremity in a horizontal foot 31. The foot is provided near one extremity with an aperture 32, and upon the opposite extremity a button 33 is formed.

At one end of the casing a vertical bracket Bevis secured, and in the bracket and an ap- IOO erture vin the end of the casing the hub of a` pinion 35 is capable of revolving. The bore of the hub of theY pinion is threaded and the said pinion is mounted to turn upon the screw 29.

In the inside of the casing near the top a shaft 36 is journaled, and upon one end of the shaft a crown-wheel 37 is secured, which wheel meshes with the pinion 35. The shaft 36 at each extremity is p rovidedV with a crank-arm 38, whereby it is rotated. The cutters D are held to revolve between the sides of the casing at the lower open face thereof.- The cutter-head is made in two sections d and d. The section d consists of two triangular blocks 39 and 40, placed with theirbase facing outward, the apex orl sharp angular portion of the blocks being attached. at one -end to opposite sides of al spindle 41, and the opposed inner surfaces of the blocks 39 and 40 are longitudinally grooved. The outer faces of the blocks at their sidev edges are preferably slightly chamfered, as shown at d2 in Fig. lO, and provided also with a slight flange d3. The cutting-blades 42 are made to facein opposite directions and are secured to the outer faces of the blocks, preferably by means of bolts 43, which pass through slots in the blades, whereby the said blades are rendered adjustable. The blades of the section d of the cutter-head are firmly bound to the blocks and are located near one end, preferably at the end having the flanges d3 attached, over which flanges the blades project. The section d of the cutter-head is constructed in practically the same manner as the section d, and comprises two triangular opposed blocks 44 and 45, secured at or near one end of a spindle 46. The blocks 44 and 45 are, however, much narrower than the blocks of the section d. In fact, the blocks of the section d correspond in thickness to the width of the cutting-blades 47, secured to their outer faces, the cutting-blades being attached in a similar manner to the cuttingblades 42.

.The complete cutter-head is formed by causing the blocks 44 and 45 to enter the side spaces intervening the blocks 39 and 40 of the section d, as illustrated in Fig. 5, the flanges d3 of the section CZ preventing any lateral movement of the blocks of the section d. Vhen the cutter-head is formed, the cutting-edges of the cutting-blades of one section extend over and beyond the heel of the cutting-blades of the other section, as is likewise best shown in Fig. 5. The section d I denominate a fixed section, as the spindle thereof passes through and is journaled in 'the side of the casing 28, at which side the crown-wheel 37 is located, and the projecting end of the spindle has secured thereto a gearwheel 48, which meshes with a similar wheel 49, journaled upon a Spud-axle attached to the casing,the latter gear-wh eel bein gadapted to mesh with spur-teeth on the periph ery of the crown-wheel. Upon the outer extremity of the spud-aXlel of the wheel 49 and the spindle of the wheel 43 the ends of a horizontal guide-bar 50 are loosely attached, the guide bar being prevented from slipping from the axle and spindle, preferably, by buttons 5l, formed upon them, preferably, by an annular groove. 1

In operation the base is attached to the wall-string by causing the set-screw 25 to engage with one side Aedge of the string-piece and the cor necting-plates 26 to engage with the opposite side face of the string-piece. The set-screw is thenA adjusted so that the string-piece will be clamped firmly between it and the connecting-plates. The carriage B is then placed, for instance, at the outer end of the upper channel in the base, and the button 33 of the foot of the feed-screw 28is made to enter the undercut recess of the seg-v mental plate 19, and the pin 23 opposite the channel in which the carriage is located is made to enter the aperture 32 in the foot ofthe feed-screw, as is best shown in Figs. l and 2. By turning the crank-arms 3S the carriage is made to travel in the direction of the foot of the feedscrew, crossih g the other channel in the base. The revolution of the shaft 3G by means of the crank-arms revolves the cutter-head and causes the blades carri-ed by the head to cut a mortise channel or groove in the stringpiece corresponding to the location of the channel over which the carriage is traveling,

and the carriage is gradually fed forwardas.

the cnt is made by the crown-wheel 37 acting upon the pinion 35, which causes the said pinion to travel upon the screw in the direction of its foot. Vhen one mortise groove or channel has been completed, the position of the carriage is reversed-that is, the carriage is placed at the end of the other channel of the base-and the foot of the feed-screw vis connected with the pin 23 facing that channel. Before locating the carriage the second time the crank-arms 3S are moved in a direction to cause the carriage to travel upon the screw to its eXtreme outer end or near the same.

The recess 15 is formed in the base in order to admit of the forward end of the carriage passing over the upper portion of the basesection l0 at the junction of its members, the forward lower end of the carriage having an angular recess 52 formed therein, whereby a shoulder is formed, limiting the forward movement 'of the carriage.

The spindle of the movable section of the cutter-head passes through the side of the carriage and is provided with an attached or integral button 53, and when the carriage is placed in position to travel in either of the channels of the base the button 53 of the movable cutter-head section is made to enter carriage is effectually guided in its forward IOO IIO

4V455,646 j ,j y f movement and prevented from having movement laterally.

Itwill be observed that by constructing .the

cutter-head in two sections,one'of which is- .nominally fixed and the other -held to Aslide thereon, by drawing the movable section out-` ward, which is accomplished through the mejdium of its spindle 46, the blades carried by said 'section may be drawn any desired dis-- tance out of alignment with the blades upon the fixed section, thus producing amortise heels of the movable blades. The adjustment ofthe cutters is made by adjustment of the sections of the base -to or from-each other.

' -Whenever it is desired to cut a mortise wider at one end the sections lO 11 are adi justed farther apart at the outer ends of the parts on' which the carriage is to travel, so thatas the carriage B travels inward with the button 53 engaging the groove 14 the cutter-section d. will be moved inward upon the A.section cl, thus bringing the cutters 47 gradually nearer the blades 42. It will be noticed that the blocks 39 40 extend from side to side of the casing 28, and that the blocks 44 45 are only about half that length, with their spindle 46 passing through the side of the casing. Of course the section CZ of the cutter will therefore be automatically slid on the section d2, according to the inclination of the grooved `section engaged by the button 53. If the two sections l0 l1 are parallel, thetwo cutter-sections will not change their relative positions with respect to each other; but any divergence from parallelism on the part of the sections will be followed by a correspondingly-cut groove on the part of the cutter, whose section d will be moved in or out, as the case may be. I would remark here that the purpose ofcutting a groove wider at one end than the other is to permit of the ends of the stair-treads being inserted in said grooves and being rmly wedged therein by wedges driven between the treads and the wider ends of the grooves.

Having thus described my invention, l claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patentl. A cutter-head comprising two sections sliding one upon the other and provided with oppositely-projectingspindles having buttons on their outer ends, substantially as set forth.

2. The combination, with a carriage having a box-like casing, of an expansible cut-` ter-head mounted therein and consisting in two sections of different lengths, the shorter section sliding upon the longer, and each section having an independent short spindle projecting through the sides of the casing, substantially as set forth.

3. -In a sectional cutter-head, the combina- Thc movable blades are` tion, with a section consisting of connected blades `attached to the blocks' and having their cutting-edges projecting in opposite ldirections, of a section also constructed -of spaced and connected angular .blocks of less width than the blocks of the first section, the

said blocks being also provided with attached cutting-blades, the cutting-edges whereof eX- ten'd inl opposite directions, the smaller section Ybeing laterally adjustable upon the larger section, substantially as shown `and described. y

4,. A sectional cutter-head consisting of two sets of triangularblocks oppositely ar- -ranged upon the inner ends of independent spindles having buttonson theirouterends, said blocks being adapted to interlockand to carry cutting-blades, substantially as land-for the'purpose specified. Y

5. .ln a mortising-machine, a base provided with a right-angled channel, inwardly-extending base-flanges deiining the width of the channel, an offset at the junction ofv thev i `and spaced triangular blocks and cutting- IOO oftwo parallel right-angled sections, adjustable clamping-plates spacing the members of the sections, a clamping device connected with one section at the junction of its members, bothy sections being provided with inwardlyextendingiian ges, and channels above the said flanges, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

S. In a mortising-machine, a base consisting of two parallel right-angled sections, adjustable clamping-plates spacing-the members of the sections, a clamping device connected with one section at the junction of its members, both sections being provided with inwardlyextending flanges, and T-shaped channels above said ilanges, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

9. The combination, with a base provided with a right-angled channel and clamping devices attached to the base, of a carriage held to travel infthe channel, providedwith rotary cutters,^and a feed-screw connected with the base, as and for the purpose specified.

l0. The combination, with a base provided with a right-angled channel and clamping devices attached to the base, of a carriage held to travel in the channel, providedwith rotary cutters, a feed-screw connected with the base, a threaded pinion engaging the feed-screw,

and a driving mechanism, substantially as and for the purpose set forth.

l1. rllhe combination, with a base provided with a right-angled channel and clamping,` devices connected with the base, ot a carriage held to travel in `the channel of the base, a cutter located in the carriage, a pinion provided with an interiorly-threaded hub,a d riveshatt, a gear connection between the driveshat, the cutter, and pinion, and afeed-serew passed through the carriage and the hub ot' the pinion, the said screw having detachable connection with the base, substantially as shown and described, and for the purpose set forth. l

12. The combination, with a base consisting ot two right-angled sections adj ustably held together to form a space between them and provided with T-sliaped channels, of a carriage adapted to travel in said space, a cutter journaled in said carriage, made in two sections, the axlesot which have buttons on their outer ends adapted to engage the T- shaped channels of the base-sections, a feedscrew removably attached to the base and engaging the carriage, and a mechanism for revolvingg` the cutter .and feed-screw, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

PAUL SWIETER.

\Vitnesses:

JOHN EISENSCHMID, PETER LIPPERT. 

